Footnotes: The Battle of Callann, A.D. 1261

Footnotes for article:
'The Battle of Callann'

Callann is near Kilgarvan in the barony of Glanarought, Co. Kerry.
A fact that should be mentioned to the credit of Dermot is that in the previous year, 1170 A.D., he assembled the men of Desmond and marched to Waterford to give battle to the redoubtable Strongbow, inflicting, say the Irish annals (Ann. Innisfallen, 1170 A.D., Book of Mac Carthaigh, 1169 A.D.) a slaughter on the oversea men, and losing three of the Munster nobility, --Cathal, son of Amhlaoibh mór Ó Donnchadha, Raghnall Ó Ríoghbhardáin, and the son of Íomhar Ó Cathail.
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera (Rolls Series), v. 347; Benedictus Abbas, i, 163. The wording of the charter may be found in the works of Sir James Ware, published in 1654.
Robert fitz Stephen granted Killede in his land of Cork (now Killeedy, Co. Limerick) to Philip de Barry. (Rot. Chart., vol. 1, Part i, 172. Cal. Docs. Ire., i, 340.)
Gir. Camb., v. 348 ff.
The nominal inheritance of the kingdom of Cork was in the mid-13th century claimed by the Carews as representatives of Raymond le Gros, who, according to Giraldus, inherited fitz Stephen's moiety, and by the Courcys, who were apparently descended from Milo de Cogan through his daughter Margaret. These families were officially listed as responsible for the payment of 60 knights' services for the kingdom of Cork.
'Yoghenacht Lokhelen, que est terra Humurierdac in terra de Corch' --Rot. Chart. i Pars. i 77 b. C.D.I., i 124. Also called Eoghanacht Uí Dhonnchadha, it is identified with the barony of Magunihy, or part of, by Orpen, Ireland Under the Normans, iii 127.
Rot. Chart., 171 b--173. C.D.I., i. 339, 343, 347, 348.
Rawl. B. 503. Ed. Seán Mac Airt (Dubl. Inst. Adv. Studies, 1951)
Contained in Miscellaneous Irish Annals. Ed. Séamus Ó h-Innse, (Dubl. Inst. Adv. Studies, 1947).
To avoid extra footnotes, it may be taken that any unreferenced statements in the following paragraphs have as their source one or other of the Annalistic compilations mentioned above (under the dates given) or, more often than not, both, since the entries in A.I. and Mac C.'s Book correspond closely for this period.
Belonging to William de Burgo (C.D.I., i, 187).
Not identified. ?==Carew's fort.
Probably in the Midleton area. Cp. Mainistir na Corann, Ballinacurra, and Owenacurra.
Identified by Mr. J. T. Collins (J.C.H.A.S., Iiii (1948), 100) with Killavorrilla near Conna.
Other deeds ascribed to Domhnall in his obituary notice (1206 A.D.) are: inflicting the defeats of Inis Eoganáin, Cell mo-Chomóc, and Bern meic Ímuir, the hanging of seven justices, and the killing and flaying of Geoffrey de Cogan with his speckled kerne, 'the most hated kerne that ever was in Ireland.' This account hardly supports Curtis' view that 'for forty years Donal More and his son Dermot remained loyal and undisturbed in the country west of Cork.' (Hist of Medieval Ireland, p. 98).
This defeat is mentioned in the Annals of Ulster (1196 A.D.) as well as in the Annals of Loch Cé (1195 A.D.)
Cormac seems to have been officially styled king of Desmond up to his death in 1244, as a royal appeal for aid against the king of Scots in that year was addressed (inter alios) to 'Corma-clethan' Macardhy de Dessemon' (C.D.I., i, 2716). The actual kingship was, however, held by Diarmaid up to 1229; he was succeeded by his brother, Cormac Fionn, who died in 1247.
There is a lacuna in Ann. Innisf. at the end of 1214, A.D., while 1215 is wholly missing. The MS. H.I. 7 in T.C.D. called the "Dublin Annals of Innisfallen" (compiled in 1765) contains a longer list of castles, but it is doubtful if the list is trustworthy. A serious error in the entry (dated 1215 A.D., fol. 53) is the statement that Diarmaid's opponent in the conflict was Cormac Fionn (i.e. Diarmaid's brother), rather than Cormac Liathánach.
Dubl. A.I. also ascribe to Carew the castles of Dún Ciaráin and Ceapa na coise.
Dubl. A.I., adding Castlemaine to his quota, says that this was Maurice fitz Thomas, but it is more likely to have been John.
Now Muckross. In 1595 Capt. Robert Collum was granted the abbeys of Innisfallen and Irrelaghe (Fiant Eliz. 5947, 16th Rep. D.K.R.)
? Maurice Fitzgerald had no son living in 1214. Dubl. A.I. adds here another castle at Caladh na feirse.
Cp. '½ carucate at Corleleye, of Robert fitz Stephen' (C.D.I. i, 1912). This must have been an illegitimate son of the earlier Robert fitz Stephen; there were at least two others, Meredith and Ralph.
He built Dún na ngall (on Ringarogy island), and Dún na séad (Baltimore), acc. to Dubl. A.I.
Later Cloghatradbally of Glandore castle (See O'Donovan's note in A.F.M. sub anno 1215), though Dubl. A.I. distinguishes the castle of Tráighbhaile from that of Cuan Dor.
Dún déide (Dundeady) also ascribed to Barry by Dubl. A.I.
Called Henry Butler's castle in A.I., though Mac Carthaigh's Book (1214 A.D.) says it was built by Nicholas Buidhe (de Barry).
Pipe Rolls of Cloyne, J.C.H.A.S., XX (1914) 185-6.
Gerrard Papers (Rawl. D. 657), Anal. Hib., ii, 221.
Rawl. B. 488 (Misc. Irish Annals, p. 128). See also Annals of Loch Cé, 1249 A.D.
Also called Domhnall Got; he was an uncle of Finghin's.
The fact that Geraldines and Cogans supported opposing branches of the Mac Carthys is commented on by Orpen, Ireland Under the Normans, iii, 138, footnote.
Published in a supplement to the Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 3rd. Series, vol. 4, pt. 2 (July, 1941) p. 48.
C.D.I., i. 422.
See pedigree in Curtis, Hist. Med. Ire., p. 379.
Rot. Chart., 210 b. C.D.I., i 576.
Rot. Pat., 17 John, p. 147. C.D.I. i 2353.
See inq. on lands of fitz Thomas in 1282 (C.D.I. ii 1912). The jurors seem to have overlooked William de Cantilupe, who in 1236 was married to a daughter and heir of Thomas fitz Anthony. (C.D.I. i 2353).
The year given is 1214 A.D., but this, as well as other details, may be inaccurate. (Dubl. A.I. gives 1215 A.D.). The entire annal is unusually long (longer than those for the following ten years combined) and may not be based entirely on contemporary material. The two other lengthy entries of 1214 refer to Diarmaid Dúna Droighnein in an unfavourable light. Note also that, regarding his death in 1229, where A.I. and A.U. tell simply that he died, Mac C.'s Book states that Dairmaid was killed by a thunderbolt at Dún Draighnein, through the vengeance of God and because of his own misdeeds. The building of Dunloe castle had been previously assigned to 1206 (A.I., 1207). It is unfortunate that A.I., a truly contemporary compilation, contains a lacuna at this period.
Ireland Under the Normans, iii 129, footnote.
ibid., iii 134.
C.D.I., i 1107, 1108. Thus treated were the lands of Meyler fitz Henry in Eoghanacht Locha Léin, escheated (as well as his lands in north Kerry) when he entered a monastery. (C.D.I., i 691). John fitz Thomas later had three carucates there (C.D.I., ii, 1912).
C.D.I., i 1502.
Rot. Litt. Claus., 195 b (11 Hen. iii); C.D.I., i 1543.
C.D.I., i 1689.
C.D.I., i 1714.
C.D.I., i 1864.
C.D.I., i 2426.
C.D.I., 2680. The places mentioned are Uí Chonaill Gabhra, Muscraighe (one of them), Ciarraighe Luachra, Eoghanacht Loche Léin, and Uí Ráthach.
C.D.I., i 3146.
Cal. Inq. P.M., Edw. I, i, 268; C.D.I., ii, 1474.
i.e. the rebellion of Richard, earl marshal, in 1234.
Copy of charter in Cal. Justiciary Rolls, i, 153.
Probably Dunoure near Galley head.
A.I. gives Caisleán na Gidhi where Mac C.'s Book puts Dún Uabhair the two places may be identical.
C.D.I., ii 1130.
The Annals of Loch Cé state plainly that it was a Geraldine expedition to attack Mac Carthy.
A.I. and Mac C.'s Book.
Mac C.'s Book.
'The site of the battle is still pointed out,' says Orpen, Ire. Und. Norm., iii 140.
On 24th July, according to Orpen (loc. cit.), but he does not give any source.
They go on to state that the 'Barrach mór' was also slain there; this may be a later addition. David de Barry did die in 1261, but his death is recorded in A.I. unconnected with the battle of Callann.
Fitz Thomas and his son were buried in the monastery of Tralee which John himself had founded; buried on the north side, they were the first on the Geraldines to be interred there. (O'Clery Genealogies, ed. S. Pender, Anal. Hib., xviii 173).
Mac Carthaigh's Book.
Quoted by E. Curtis, History of Ireland (1950 ed.) p. 85.
Not identified. Mac C.'s Book has Dún Mic Toghmainn. This castle was again demolished by Domhnall Cairbreach in 1310, and once more rebuilt by Maurice fitz Thomas (1st earl of Desmond) about 1326 (A.I.). Repeated references to the burning or destroying of the same castle shows that the Irish at this period never garrisoned captured castles.
In townland of Dooniskey near Crookstown. (O.S. 6", Cork 83). Mac C.'s Book has Dún Uisni, while Dubl. A.I., makes it Dún inse an duine, (probably Inchidoney is intended). Other castles destroyed according to this MS (f.57) were Dún na ngall, Cuan dor, Dún déide, Dún urluing (Dunworly), Muirghioll, (probably a misreading of Magh Oiligh), Dún na mbárc, and Dún goill. It had already listed the burning of Dún na mbárc, Dún na ngall, and Dún déide the year previous to the battle of Callann. Another statement made in this MS and not found elsewhere, is that Maurice fitz John's wife, (the mother of Tomás an Ápa), a daughter of Geoffrey de Marisco's, was slain at Callann. Yet the Senchus Geraltach in the O'Clery Genealogies (loc. cit. supra) states that Maurice's son was born posthumously. Maurice fitz John's wife was named Matilda de Barry. (C.D.I., ii 1912).
At Mahallagh, near Carrigdrohid, (O.S. 6", Cork 71). The Cogans retained possession of this castle, however. It is mentioned again in A.I. under the year 1316 A.D.
Uí Chonaill Gabhra, now the baronies of Upper and Lower Connello, Co. Limerick.
Probably the isthmus near the castle.
This account from Mac Carthaigh's Book, which account (or a similar one) is hopelessly garbled in the Dubl. A.I. (f.57). Instead of Miles de Courcy offering terms (comtacha) to Finghin, we here find Miles Cogan offering him help (Cúghnamh) and when Finghin refused, Miles went 'gona choimheirge ar bheannaibh an chaisleáin' (in place of 'go lín a comheirgi ar Bearndaigh Reanna Roin'). There is no record of any Miles Cogan living at this period.
The Book of Uí Máine (84 r.) says that he was drowned at Ringrone.
A.I. 1261 A.D.
De Burgo was allowed 250 marks in his Connacht account for his expenses in this campaign. (35th Rep. D.K.R., p. 47).
David de Rupe had two sons. Reymund, the elder, died, and Gerald, the younger, entered into possession of his father's lands. (C.D.I., i 1679). Gerald was a son-in-law of fitz Anthony.
Mac C.'s Book (1263 A.D.) says that Cormac was killed at Tuairí Cormaic, and the site of the battle, high up on the slopes of Mangerton is still called by that name. (See Butler, Gleanings from Ir. Hist., p. 146). It is only a few miles from Callann.
It is doubtful if 'the rout of Áth Malais, by Maurice son of Thomas an Domhnall Ruadh' inserted by a later hand at A.D. 1270 in A.I., is correctly dated.
Ancient Irish Histories (Dublin 1809), ii 400.
C.D.I., ii 1912.
A.I., 1275 A.D. "A hosting by Mac Carthaigh into An Triucha, and a house was destroyed in consequence, and the market cross cut down."
? Corca Laoighdhe. Cp. Cloch la Mac Sleimne a Corca Laighi (Mac C.'s Book, 1214 A.D.). See note 24 above.
Pipe Roll, x Edw. I (36th Rep. D.K.R., p. 62).
There are two townlands called Fergus in east Muskerry, one in Magourney, and the other in Aglish parish.
Identified by Mr. J. T. Collins (J.C.H.A.S. xli (1940) 35) with Macloneigh, a par. about two m. from Dundrinan (now Castlemore near Crookstown). Domhnall óg Mac Carthy burned Clonachit before 1295. (C.J.R., i 63).
C.D.I., ii 1417; iii 169.
Ironically, it was Domhnall Ruadh, after having fought against Finghin at Callann, who benefited most from the weakening of the Norman grip. After the deaths of Finghin Reanna Ró and Cormac na Mangartan, he seems to have assumed and held the kingship of Desmond until his death in 1302--he reigned 40 years, according to A.I.--though not without opposition, as the Book of Uí Máine (f. 84r) states that two other sons of Domhnall Got, namely Diarmaid (ob. 1278) and Domhnall Mael, also held the kingship.
A.I. 1280 A.D.
A.I. 1283 A.D.
Cal. Jus. Rolls, i 63-4.
ibid., i 101, 143.
37th Rep. D.K.R., p. 54.
C.J.R., ii, 385.
C.D.I., ii. 2362.
C.D.I., iii. 61.
C.D.I., iii. 559.
C.D.I.,, iv.
A list of Norman towns and villages in Co. Cork in 1299 (C.J.R., i. 265) shows that in the western side of the county there remained only Timoleague, Innishannon, Ancheo, (Athnowen or Ovens), and Dundrinan.
See Rot. Pat, et Claus., 51 Edw. III (1377).
Curtis, Hist. Med. Ire., 229-230.
Mac Carthaigh's Book, A.D. 1398.
C.D.I., iii, 1051.